Despite recent progress in the field, rarely has the extant research been driven by an overarching developmental theory ( CitationWright, 2007). Although frequently co-occurring, the latest findings indicate that relative to other forms of maltreatment (i.e., physical abuse, sexual abuse, physical neglect), emotional abuse has specific and independent consequences ( CitationBriere & Runtz, 1990 CitationGross & Keller, 1992 CitationMullen, Martin, Anderson, Romans, & Herbison, 1996 CitationNicholas & Bieber, 1996) and might, in fact, be the most pervasive and damaging type of abuse ( CitationHart, Binggeli, & Brassard, 1997 CitationMcGee & Wolfe, 1991). Scholarly interest in emotional abuse Footnote 1 as a distinct form of maltreatment emerged later and has grown slowly. A large body of literature documents the harmful effects of physical abuse, sexual abuse, and neglect.
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